Industrial Control Systems: Architecture, Networks, Redundancy, and Future Trends
1. Introduction Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are the backbone of modern industrial production. Their architecture is designed with multiple layers to ensure efficiency, reliability, and stability. This document provides a structured overview of ICS architecture, communication networks, redundancy and security mechanisms, and future development trends. 2. Three-Tier Architecture of ICS 2.1 Field Control Layer — […]
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