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Precautions for Installing Instrument Impulse Lines

Instrumentation /

1. Introduction Importance of correct impulse line installation for measurement accuracy, safety, and long-term reliability. Typical consequences of improper installation: gas/liquid accumulation, measurement drift, leakage, or instrument damage. 2. Adaptation to Process Media 2.1 Liquid Service Impulse lines should slope toward the instrument with a minimum gradient of 1:100 to prevent gas accumulation. Pressure tapping […]

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The Critical Role of Radar Level Meters in Measuring Dissolution Tanks for Food Processing

Level meter /

In the food processing industry, the dissolution process of raw materials in dissolution tanks has a direct impact on the quality of the final product. As an advanced non-contact level measurement technology, radar level meters have become widely used in various complex environments due to their high accuracy, stability, and strong anti-interference capabilities, including in

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How to Select the Proper Waveguide for Guided Wave Radar (GWR) Level Transmitters

Level meter /

Introduction Guided Wave Radar (GWR) transmitters rely on waveguides to direct the propagation of electromagnetic pulses into the measured medium. The choice of waveguide type has a significant impact on signal quality, measurement accuracy, installation feasibility, and maintenance effort. This document introduces the three common waveguide types—rigid rod, flexible cable, and coaxial tube—and provides selection

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Why Two Level Gauges Are Essential: A Case Study on Condenser Hotwell Installation

Level meter /

1. Background In steam turbine operation, condenser hotwell water level is a critical parameter. A stable level ensures: Reliable condensate pump operation without cavitation. Adequate condenser cooling area to maintain vacuum efficiency. If the hotwell level is too low, condensate pumps may cavitate. If it is too high, condenser vacuum deteriorates, leading to unsafe turbine

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Straight Pipe Requirements for Orifice Plate Flowmeters

Flow meter /

1. Basic Requirements The accuracy of an orifice plate flowmeter largely depends on sufficient straight pipe runs upstream and downstream of the orifice plate. General recommendations are: Upstream straight pipe: ≥ 10D (D = internal pipe diameter) Downstream straight pipe: ≥ 5D These values represent minimum requirements under normal conditions. 2. Influencing Factors and Special

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Why PLC Systems Use 24V DC: The Industry’s Golden Standard

PLC /

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are at the core of industrial automation. Among all supply voltages, 24V DC has become the global standard. This choice is not accidental—it is the result of careful consideration of safety, stability, electromagnetic compatibility, energy efficiency, universality, and cost-effectiveness. 1. Enhanced Safety Safety is the top priority in industrial environments. 24V

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Common Instrumentation Wires and Cables in Industrial Automation

Instrumentation /

1. Introduction Instrumentation serves as the “nervous system” of industrial automation, while cables and wires act as the “blood vessels” that transmit signals and energy. Proper selection and installation of cables directly affect the stability, accuracy, and reliability of measurement systems.This document introduces four commonly used types of instrumentation cables and provides engineering recommendations. 2.

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Workshop Work Supervision Management Procedure

Instrumentation /

1. General Provisions 1.1 Purpose This procedure is established to ensure the personal safety of workshop personnel during equipment maintenance, inspection, and commissioning activities. It aims to standardize operational processes, promptly correct unsafe actions, and prevent safety incidents. 1.2 Scope of Application This procedure applies to all personnel in the instrument workshop, including maintenance staff,

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Do Capillary Tubes of Differential Pressure (Dual-Flange) Transmitters Require Thermal Insulation?

Flange /

1. General Principle – Insulation Not Always Required Under normal environmental conditions, the fill fluid inside the dual-flange capillary (commonly silicone oil) has sufficient temperature tolerance. It can adapt to routine ambient variations without additional thermal protection. In such cases, thermal insulation is not mandatory, reducing both cost and maintenance workload. 2. Situations Where Insulation

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Should Emergency Stop Button Covers Be Locked or Sealed?

PLC /

In industrial safety and control systems, emergency stop (E-stop) buttons play a critical role in protecting personnel and equipment from harm in the event of an urgent situation. E-stop buttons, often featuring protective covers, are designed to halt machinery immediately when pressed. Whether or not these protective covers should be locked or sealed is a

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