Instrumentation

Instrument rooms house precision equipment and sensitive electronics, which require specific considerations when choosing fire extinguishers. According to the Code for Design of Extinguisher Distribution in Buildings (GB50140), fires in such environments are classified as Class E fires, which involve energized electrical equipment. Therefore, fire extinguishers must meet high electrical insulation standards to effectively suppress […]

Instrument calibration is a crucial process in ensuring measurement accuracy and reliability. Despite strict metrology standards and guidelines, errors can still occur due to improper implementation or uncontrollable factors. These errors may compromise the validity of calibration results. Below, we explore common errors in instrument calibration and provide recommendations for minimizing them. 1. Errors in

Tank area instrumentation is critical for monitoring and controlling parameters in storage facilities, ensuring operational efficiency, safety, and regulatory compliance. This article explores the key types of instruments used in tank areas, their working principles, selection criteria, and best practices for maintenance. 1. Level Measurement Instruments a. Hydrostatic Level Transmitters Working Principle: These instruments measure

1. What is Ammonia Slip? Ammonia slip refers to the phenomenon where ammonia, used as a reducing agent in industrial denitrification processes, escapes into the atmosphere without fully reacting. Denitrification technologies such as Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) and Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) are employed to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions by converting them into nitrogen

Residual Current Devices (RCDs), commonly referred to as leakage protection devices, are essential components of electrical safety. They belong to the family of circuit breakers, alongside air circuit breakers and isolating switches. In circuit diagrams, RCDs are often denoted by their acronym. Unlike air circuit breakers that provide short-circuit and overload protection, RCDs add a

Combustible gas detectors are critical safety devices used to detect the presence of flammable gases and mitigate potential hazards. However, whether they need to be equipped with a rain shield depends on the installation environment, device specifications, and operational requirements. Below is a detailed exploration of the factors to consider. 1. Installation Environment Indoor Installations:

Types of Errors Reference Error: Definition: Reference error is the ratio of absolute error to the measurement range, expressed as a percentage. Formula: Reference Error (%) = (Absolute Error / Measurement Range) × 100 Absolute Error: Definition: The difference between the measured result and the true value. Formula: Absolute Error = Measured Value – True

Introduction In the precise world of measurement, not every instrument requires a rigorous calibration process. Certain equipment can reliably operate without calibration under specific conditions. This article outlines the standards and criteria under which instruments, such as ultrasonic level meters, can forego calibration while maintaining reliable and accurate performance. 1. Purpose of Instrument Usage Calibration

Introduction Dust explosions pose significant safety risks in industrial settings, especially in facilities handling combustible dust. This document outlines critical safety inspection points for dust-related processes and equipment, as well as the criteria for identifying major safety hazards. By adhering to these standards, enterprises can enhance their safety protocols and reduce the likelihood of catastrophic

Introduction Traditionally, steam trade settlements relied on mass measurement due to limited technological capabilities. Both domestically and internationally, this approach was widely accepted despite long-standing questions about its fairness. The preference for mass measurement stemmed from its simplicity compared to the more complex heat measurement methods, especially when analog instruments dominated the landscape. With advancements