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Understanding the HART Protocol: A Communication Standard for Smart Field Instruments

Hart /

1. Definition and Background HART (Highway Addressable Remote Transducer) protocol was developed by Rosemount in the mid-1980s and became an open standard in 1986. It represents a crucial transition from analog to digital communication in industrial automation. By superimposing digital signals over the conventional 4–20 mA analog signal, HART enables remote communication and configuration of […]

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Target Type Flow Switch (Paddle Flow Switch): Principle, Features, and Installation Guide

Flow switch /

1. Introduction The target type flow switch, also known as a paddle flow switch, is a mechanical flow-sensing device composed of a target plate, sensing mechanism, and signal processing unit. It is widely used in industrial automation, water treatment systems, HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning), and refrigeration systems. 2. Working Principle The design is

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Solving HF-Induced Corrosion in Pressure Transmitters: Isolation Tank + Methyl Silicone Oil Boosts Lifetime from 3 to 300 Days

Pressure Transmitter /

📌 Background In a 200,000-ton/year Linear Alkylbenzene (LAB) production unit, pressure transmitters located at the fractionation tower outlet were frequently failing due to severe corrosion. The process medium contained high-temperature, moist hydrofluoric acid (HF), which quickly attacked the Monel diaphragm of the pressure transmitters. On average, the transmitters lasted only 2–3 days before showing drifting

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Requirements for Hygienic Applications of Vibrating Rod and Tuning Fork Level Switches

Level switch /

Introduction In the food industry, stringent requirements are placed on equipment used in production processes to ensure product quality, safety, and hygiene. Vibrating rod level switches and tuning fork level switches play a critical role in this domain, requiring careful attention to material, performance, safety, maintenance, and regulatory compliance. This article outlines the specific demands

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Technical Guidelines for Cable Tray Installation and Fireproofing Measures

Instrumentation /

Cable tray installation must comply with specific technical standards to ensure electrical safety, system reliability, and long-term maintainability. This document outlines the key requirements for cable tray layout, installation, and fireproofing in industrial and commercial environments. 1. Route Planning and Layout Principles Coordinate with Building Structure: Cable tray routing should align with architectural design, avoiding

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Application of Temperature Controllers in the Chemical Industry

Temperature transmitter /

Temperature controllers play a crucial role in chemical plants, providing precision in various processes, ensuring both safety and efficiency. Below are the key areas where they are applied: 1. Reaction Process Control Temperature Monitoring in Chemical Reactions: Temperature is a vital control parameter in many chemical synthesis reactions. For example, in the Haber-Bosch process for

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Vortex Flow Meter vs. Ultrasonic Flow Meter for Steam: Which One Should You Choose?

Flow meter /

Steam flow measurement is critical in industries like power generation, chemical processing, and food manufacturing. Two common technologies used for this purpose are vortex flow meters and ultrasonic flow meters. But which one is more suitable for your application? This article compares both technologies in terms of working principles, installation requirements, performance under steam conditions,

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Why Do Chemical Plants Have High Automation Levels? The Role of Uncertainty and PID Control

Instrumentation /

Chemical plants are often regarded as highly automated systems. This is not just a fact; it is a necessity driven by the inherent complexity and uncertainty of chemical processes. The process control systems in these plants rely heavily on feedback mechanisms, particularly the Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control loop, which plays a central role in managing plant

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Comparison of Common Stainless Steels and Material Selection for Control Valves

Valve /

1. Introduction to Common Stainless Steels (201, 202, 301, 304, 316) Stainless steels are widely used in industrial valve applications due to their corrosion resistance, strength, and thermal stability. Among them, grades 201, 202, 301, 304, and 316 represent the most commonly used options. The selection depends on environmental conditions, mechanical demands, and cost-performance tradeoffs.

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Sensor Calibration 101: How to Ensure Long-Term Accuracy

Sensors /

Introduction No matter how advanced or expensive your sensor is, its performance will degrade over time.To maintain measurement accuracy, system reliability, and compliance, regular calibration is essential. This guide explains what sensor calibration is, why it matters, and how to build a calibration strategy that keeps your instrumentation sharp and dependable. 1. What Is Sensor

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