1. Preparation Before starting troubleshooting work, contact the production unit to understand the fault phenomenon and operating status by checking historical trends, valve openings, and communicating with operators. Initially determine whether the problem is caused by the instrument or the process. – For general measurement loops: Obtain process permission before starting work. – For control […]
1. Introduction In industrial gas measurement, two units often appear in technical documents and trade contracts: m³ (cubic meter) and Nm³ (normal cubic meter).While both express volume, their meanings differ significantly due to the influence of temperature and pressure. Understanding the distinction is essential for accurate measurement, energy calculations, and commercial transactions. 2. Definition of
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1. Overview Brief introduction to tungsten-cobalt alloy (WC-Co) wear-resistant thermocouples, their typical applications, and why they are compared with ceramic, high-chromium cast iron, and bimetallic types. 2. Key Advantages 2.1 Superior Wear Resistance – Ideal for High-Hardness Particle Environments WC-Co hardness: HRC 65–90 (depending on cobalt content) 3–5 times the wear resistance of alumina ceramics
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In industrial fields such as chemical and petrochemical industries, distillation columns are common separation equipment used to separate components in mixtures based on differences in boiling points or vapor pressure. The efficient operation of distillation columns relies on precise control of the liquid level within the column, as the accuracy of liquid level measurement directly
The measurement accuracy of a tungsten-cobalt alloy wear-resistant thermocouple is not determined by the tungsten-cobalt alloy sheath material itself. Instead, it depends on the thermocouple core type, overall structural design, and installation and operating conditions. 1. Key Factor: Thermocouple Core Type The tungsten-cobalt alloy acts as a protective sheath against abrasive wear and does not
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In chemical manufacturing, measurement instruments are not only vital tools for precise control of production processes but also serve as crucial safety barriers that protect personnel, equipment, and the environment. Establishing an effective system of measurement instruments can significantly reduce the risk of accidents and ensure sustainable and safe production. 1. The Role of Measurement
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Check valves play a vital role in pump systems, ensuring water flows in the correct direction and preventing backflow that could damage equipment or disrupt operations. Correct installation is essential not only for system efficiency but also for the long-term protection of pumps and pipelines. In this article, we’ll explore two common installation positions for
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Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs) are widely used in industrial and laboratory environments for accurate temperature measurement. However, their wiring configuration plays a crucial role in ensuring measurement accuracy. The three main wiring types—2-wire, 3-wire, and 4-wire—differ in complexity, cost, and precision. 1. 2-Wire RTD Connection In a 2-wire configuration, one lead wire is connected to
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1. Introduction In high-temperature or high-humidity industrial processes, steam and condensation can significantly affect the measurement accuracy and reliability of radar level transmitters. Water droplets or condensate films on the antenna surface may attenuate the radar signal, causing unstable readings or complete signal loss. This document outlines proven preventive and corrective measures to mitigate these
1. Evolution of Regulatory Classification 1.1 Early Classification (1981–2016) The earliest relevant regulation dates back to the Safety Supervision Regulation for Pressure Vessels (Labour and Boiler Regulation No. 7 [1981]).Article 80 explicitly classified pressure gauges alongside safety valves as “safety accessories”, requiring periodic verification at least once a year. This classification placed pressure gauges in
